{"type_number":"AZ1","canonical_url":"https://tubeofile.com/tubes/AZ1","manufacturer":"Philips","tube_type_key":"rectifier","tube_type_display_name":"Rectifier","base_name":"P8A","description":"Directly heated full-wave vacuum rectifier designed by Philips for power supply applications in European AC mains receivers. Uses a 4V directly heated cathode and a European side-contact P8A base.","is_directly_heated":true,"completeness":"high","notes":["The product of doubled transformer voltage and rectified current must not exceed 60,000 VA.","Maximum load capacitor: 60 uF.","European side-contact P8A base — not compatible with Octal or American bases.","Peak Inverse Voltage is not explicitly stated in the Telefunken/Philips AZ1 datasheet; PIV=1414V is derived from the standard full-wave capacitor-input relation PIV = 2 × √2 × Va_max (500 Vrms). This matches the convention used for AZ12, UU4, UU5, EZ41 in this repo.","Vdrop=28 V is read from the single-plate I/V characteristic (Philips datasheet Abb. 3, Ia per anode vs Va) at 60 mA per plate (= Idc_max 120 mA / 2 for full-wave). The datasheet does not state a discrete Vdrop value."],"references":["https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/005/a/AZ1.pdf","https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/030/a/AZ1.pdf"],"source_urls":{"r_type":null,"tdsl":"https://tdsl.duncanamps.com/show.php?des=AZ1","radiomuseum":"https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_az1.html"},"raw_equivalents":["CV2860","CV3995"],"equivalents":[],"similar":[{"type_number":"AZ11","reason":"Similar rectifier but different base (Y8A side contact) — not pin-compatible","has_detail_page":true},{"type_number":"AZ4","reason":"Higher-current variant on the same P8A base — verify max current ratings","has_detail_page":true}],"pins":[{"pin_number":"1","function":"Anode 1 (Plate 1)","function_code":"a1","notes":null},{"pin_number":"2","function":"Heater","function_code":"h","notes":null},{"pin_number":"3","function":"Anode 2 (Plate 2)","function_code":"a2","notes":null},{"pin_number":"4","function":"No Connection","function_code":"nc","notes":null},{"pin_number":"5","function":"Heater","function_code":"h","notes":null},{"pin_number":"6","function":"No Connection","function_code":"nc","notes":null},{"pin_number":"7","function":"No Connection","function_code":"nc","notes":null},{"pin_number":"8","function":"No Connection","function_code":"nc","notes":null}],"specs":[{"key":"Vh","display_name":"Heater Voltage","value":"4","numeric_value":"4","unit":"V","param_group":"heater"},{"key":"Ah","display_name":"Heater Current","value":"1.1","numeric_value":"1.1","unit":"A","param_group":"heater"}],"sections":[{"section_number":1,"section_label":"Rectifier","tube_type_key":"rectifier","specs":[{"key":"Va_max","display_name":"Anode Voltage (max)","value":"500","numeric_value":"500","unit":"V","param_group":"absolute_max"},{"key":"PIV","display_name":"Peak Inverse Voltage","value":"1414","numeric_value":"1414","unit":"V","param_group":"rectifier"},{"key":"Vdrop","display_name":"Voltage Drop (typical)","value":"28","numeric_value":"28","unit":"V","param_group":"rectifier"},{"key":"C_max","display_name":"Max C-input Filter Capacitor","value":"60","numeric_value":"60","unit":"µF","param_group":"rectifier"},{"key":"Idc_max","display_name":"Max DC Output Current (total, not per-anode)","value":"120","numeric_value":"120","unit":"mA","param_group":"rectifier"}]}],"synced_at":"2026-04-09T05:17:55.606Z"}