{"type_number":"ECC32","canonical_url":"https://tubeofile.com/tubes/ECC32","manufacturer":"Mullard","tube_type_key":"small_signal_triode","tube_type_display_name":"Small Signal Triode","base_name":"Octal","description":"Double triode with separate cathodes for use as a paraphase A.F. amplifier and in phase inverters, multi-vibrators, etc.","is_directly_heated":false,"completeness":"high","notes":["The ECC32 draws 0.95 A heater current versus 0.6 A for the 6SN7GT. Circuits designed for 6SN7 may not have sufficient heater supply headroom for an ECC32 substitution.","Va max is only 300 V compared to 450 V for the 6SN7GT. The ECC32 cannot be used in high-voltage 6SN7 circuits without verifying plate voltage stays within limits.","The ECC32 was the driver tube specified for the original Williamson 50-watt amplifier (1947), one of the first high-fidelity amplifier designs. First marketed by Mullard in late 1939.","The Rh-k max (heater-to-cathode resistance) of 20,000 ohms means the heater-cathode insulation should not exceed this value; relevant for elevated cathode voltage applications."],"references":["https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/154/e/ECC32.pdf","https://www.r-type.org/exhib/aad0139.htm"],"source_urls":{"r_type":"https://www.r-type.org/exhib/aad0139.htm","tdsl":"https://tdsl.duncanamps.com/show.php?des=ECC32","radiomuseum":"https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_ecc32.html"},"raw_equivalents":["CV181","B65","13D2","6SN7"],"equivalents":[{"type_number":"6SN7","equivalence_type":"direct","notes":null}],"similar":[{"type_number":"6N8S","reason":"Russian equivalent of 6SN7GT. Same Octal pinout but same electrical differences as 6SN7GT vs ECC32 (mu=20 vs 32, lower ra, lower heater current 0.6A vs 0.95A).","has_detail_page":false},{"type_number":"6SN7GT","reason":"Same octal pinout but different electrical characteristics: ECC32 has mu=32, ra=14 kOhm, Ih=0.95A vs 6SN7GT mu=20, ra=7.7 kOhm, Ih=0.6A. Higher heater current requires verification of heater supply capacity.","has_detail_page":false},{"type_number":"VT-231","reason":"Military designation of 6SN7GT. Same pinout but different electrical characteristics (mu=20 vs ECC32 mu=32, different heater current).","has_detail_page":false}],"pins":[{"pin_number":"1","function":"Control Grid (section 2)","function_code":"g1_2","notes":null},{"pin_number":"2","function":"Anode (section 2)","function_code":"a2","notes":null},{"pin_number":"3","function":"Cathode (section 2)","function_code":"k2","notes":null},{"pin_number":"4","function":"Control Grid (section 1)","function_code":"g1_1","notes":null},{"pin_number":"5","function":"Anode (section 1)","function_code":"a1","notes":null},{"pin_number":"6","function":"Cathode (section 1)","function_code":"k1","notes":null},{"pin_number":"7","function":"Heater","function_code":"h","notes":null},{"pin_number":"8","function":"Heater","function_code":"h","notes":null}],"specs":[{"key":"Vh","display_name":"Heater Voltage","value":"6.3","numeric_value":"6.3","unit":"V","param_group":"heater"},{"key":"Ah","display_name":"Heater Current","value":"0.95","numeric_value":"0.95","unit":"A","param_group":"heater"},{"key":null,"display_name":"Anode-to-Anode Capacitance","value":"0.8","numeric_value":"0.8","unit":"pF","param_group":null}],"sections":[{"section_number":1,"section_label":"Triode (each section)","tube_type_key":"small_signal_triode","specs":[{"key":"Va_max","display_name":"Anode Voltage (max)","value":"300","numeric_value":"300","unit":"V","param_group":"absolute_max"},{"key":"Pa_max","display_name":"Anode Dissipation (max)","value":"5","numeric_value":"5","unit":"W","param_group":"absolute_max"},{"key":"Ik_max","display_name":"Cathode Current (max)","value":"50","numeric_value":"50","unit":"mA","param_group":"absolute_max"},{"key":"Vhk_max","display_name":"Heater-to-Cathode Voltage (max)","value":"50","numeric_value":"50","unit":"V","param_group":"absolute_max"},{"key":"Rg_max","display_name":"Max Grid Resistor","value":"1.5","numeric_value":"1.5","unit":"MΩ","param_group":"absolute_max"},{"key":"Va","display_name":"Anode Voltage (typical)","value":"250","numeric_value":"250","unit":"V","param_group":"typical_operating"},{"key":"Vg","display_name":"Grid 1 Bias Voltage","value":"-4.6","numeric_value":"-4.6","unit":"V","param_group":"typical_operating"},{"key":"mAa","display_name":"Anode Current","value":"6.0","numeric_value":"6","unit":"mA","param_group":"typical_operating"},{"key":"ra","display_name":"Anode Resistance","value":"14000","numeric_value":"14000","unit":"Ω","param_group":"typical_operating"},{"key":"gm","display_name":"Transconductance","value":"2.3","numeric_value":"2.3","unit":"mA/V","param_group":"typical_operating"},{"key":"mu","display_name":"Amplification Factor (μ)","value":"32","numeric_value":"32","unit":"—","param_group":"typical_operating"},{"key":"Cgp","display_name":"Grid-to-Plate Capacitance","value":"4.3","numeric_value":"4.3","unit":"pF","param_group":"capacitances"},{"key":"Cgk","display_name":"Grid-to-Cathode Capacitance","value":"4.3","numeric_value":"4.3","unit":"pF","param_group":"capacitances"},{"key":"Cak","display_name":"Anode-to-Cathode Capacitance","value":"2.0","numeric_value":"2","unit":"pF","param_group":"capacitances"}]}],"synced_at":"2026-04-07T19:07:00.327Z"}