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12AT7 — Small Signal Triode, Noval | Tubeofile
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12AT7
Small Signal Triode — Noval
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Known Equivalents & Substitutes
ECC81
CV455
CV10662
CV8154
CV9859
B309
B152
B739
6201
6060
6679
7492
7728
12AT7WA
12AT7WC
A2900
CV4024
E2157
E81CC
ECC801
ECC801S
M8162
CC81E
CK6201
QA2406
QS2406
8152
8309
8739
Similar Tubes (Not Drop-In Compatible)
12AU7
Same Noval dual triode pinout but low-mu (mu=17); higher plate current, used as driver/buffer
12AX7
Same Noval dual triode pinout but high-mu (mu=100) vs medium-mu (mu=60); lower plate current, higher ra
12AY7
Same Noval dual triode pinout, medium-mu (mu=44); popular in early Fender guitar amp preamps
12AZ7
Electrically identical (same mu, gm, ra) but higher heater current (225mA series) and higher Vhk_max (200V); designed for series-string TV sets
5751
Same Noval dual triode pinout, reduced mu (mu=70); military grade, common lower-gain substitute
6SL7
High-mu dual triode (mu=70) but Octal base; similar application as voltage amplifier
Electrical Specifications
Absolute Maximum
Anode Voltage (max)
Max Plate Voltage
300
V
Anode Dissipation (max)
Max Plate Dissipation
2.5
W
Cathode Current (max)
Max Cathode Current
15
mA
Heater-to-Cathode Voltage (max)
Max Heater-Cathode Voltage
90
V
Max Grid Resistor
Notes
Originally designed for VHF/RF use up to 300 MHz in grounded-grid amplifier and oscillator-mixer circuits.
Widely used in audio as a driver tube and phase inverter, particularly in guitar amplifiers.
The 6201/12AT7WA is the ruggedized military version with tighter tolerances.
The 6679 is a GE special-quality version (Special 12AT7) with controlled characteristics.
The 6060 is another special-quality variant (Special 12AT7) for high-frequency service.
No direct Soviet/Russian equivalent exists for the 12AT7.
Can be operated with 6.3V or 12.6V heater supply using the pin 9 center tap.
VT-207 is the US military Signal Corps designation.
Pin Layout — Noval
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
Anode 2 (Triode section 2)
2
Control Grid 2 (Triode section 2)
3
Socket-Compatible Tubes
⚠ Not electrically compatible
12AU7
12AX7
12AY7
12AZ7
12BH7
5751
A2900
ECC802S
ECC82
References
https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/093/1/12AT7.pdf
https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/084/e/ECC81.pdf
Max Grid Resistor
1
MΩ
Typical Operating
Anode Voltage (typical)
Plate Voltage
250
V
Grid 1 Bias Voltage
Grid Voltage
-2
V
Anode Current
Plate Current
10
mA
Anode Resistance
Plate Resistance
10,900
Ω
Transconductance
Transconductance
5.5
mA/V
Amplification Factor (μ)
Amplification Factor
60
—
Cathode Resistor (self-bias)
Cathode-Bias Resistor
200
Ω
Capacitances
Grid-to-Plate Capacitance
Grid-Plate Capacitance
1.5
pF
Input Capacitance
Input Capacitance
2.2
pF
Output Capacitance
Output Capacitance
1.2
pF
Heater
Heater Voltage
Heater Voltage (parallel)
6.3
V
Heater Voltage
Heater Voltage (series)
12.6
V
Heater Current
Heater Current (parallel)
0.3
A
Heater Current
Heater Current (series)
0.15
A
Cathode 2 (Triode section 2)
4
Heater
5
Heater
6
Anode 1 (Triode section 1)
7
Control Grid 1 (Triode section 1)
8
Cathode 1 (Triode section 1)
9
Heater center tap